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june 2005 1 m9999-060305 mic5239 micrel, inc. mic5239 low quiescent current 500ma cap ldo regulator general description the mic5239 is a low quiescent current, cap low-dropout regulator. with a maximum operating input voltage of 30v and a quiescent current of 23 a, it is ideal for supplying keep- alive power in systems with high voltage batteries. capable of 500ma output, the mic5239 has a dropout voltage of only 350mv. it can provide high output current for applications such as usb. as a cap ldo, the mic5239 is stable with either a ceramic or a tantalum output capacitor. it only requires a 3.3 f output capacitor for stability. the mic5239 includes a logic compatible enable input and an undervoltage error flag indicator. other features of the mic5239 include thermal shutdown, current limit, overvolt- age shutdown, reverse-leakage protection, and reverse- battery protection. available in the thermally enhanced soic-8, msop-8 and sot-223, the mic5239 comes in fixed 1.5v, 1.8v, 2.5v, 3.0v, 3.3v and 5.0v, and adjustable voltages. for other output voltages, contact micrel. all support documentation can be found on micrels web site at www.micrel.com. t ypical application i gnd = 23 a v out 3.0v/100 a v in 30v in mic5239 en out gnd flg regulator with low i o and low i q features ?u ltra-low quiescent current (i q = 23 a @i o = 100 a) ?c ontinuous 500ma output current ?w ide input range: 2.3v to 30v ? low dropout voltage: 350mv @500ma ? 1.0% initial output accuracy ?s table with ceramic or tantalum output capacitor ? logic compatible enable input ? low output voltage error flag indicator ?o vercurrent protection ?t hermal shutdown ?r everse-leakage protection ?r everse-battery protection ?h igh-power soic-8, msop-8 and sot-223 packages applications ? usb power supply ?k eep-alive supply in notebook and portable personal computers ? logic supply from high voltage batteries ?a utomotive electronics ?b attery-powered systems micrel, inc. ? 2180 fortune drive ? san jose, ca 95131 ? usa ? tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 ? fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 ? http://www.mic rel.com ground current vs. input voltage 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4914 19 24 29 ground current ( a) input voltage (v) i out = 10 a i out = 1ma i out = 100 a
mic5239 micrel, inc. m9999-060305 2 june 2005 pin description pin number pin number pin name pin function msop-8/soic-8 sot-223 2 (fixed) flg error flag (output): open-collector output is active low when the output is out of regulation due to insufficient input voltage or excessive load. an external pull-up resistor is required. 2 (adj.) adj adjustable feedback input: connect to voltage divider network. 31 in power supply input. 43 out regulated output. 1 en enable (input): logic low = shutdown; logic high = enabled. 5C8 2 gnd ground: pins 5, 6, 7, and 8 are internally connected in common via the leadframe. pin configuration en flg in out gnd gnd gnd gnd 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 soic-8 (m) msop-8 (mm) (fixed) en adj in out gnd gnd gnd gnd 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 soic-8 (m) msop-8 (mm) (adj.) in out gnd 13 2 tab gnd sot-223 (s) * other voltage options available. contact micrel marketing for information. ordering information part number* junction standard pb-free voltage temperature package mic5239-1.5bm mic5239-1.5ym 1.5v C40oc to +125oc 8-lead soic mic5239-1.5bmm mic5239-1.5ymm 1.5v C40oc to +125oc 8-lead msop mic5239-1.5bs mic5239-1.5ys 1.5v C40oc to +125oc sot-23 mic5239-1.8bm mic5239-1.8ym 1.8v C40oc to +125oc 8-lead soic mic5239-1.8bmm mic5239-1.8ymm 1.8v C40oc to +125oc 8-lead msop mic5239-1.8bs mic5239-1.8ys 1.8v C40oc to +125oc sot-23 mic5239-2.5bm mic5239-2.5ym 2.5v C40oc to +125oc 8-lead soic mic5239-2.5bmm mic5239-2.5ymm 2.5v C40oc to +125oc 8-lead msop mic5239-2.5bs mic5239-2.5ys 2.5v C40oc to +125oc sot-23 mic5239-3.0bm mic5239-3.0ym 3.0v C40oc to +125oc 8-lead soic mic5239-3.0bmm mic5239-3.0ymm 3.0v C40oc to +125oc 8-lead msop mic5239-3.0bs mic5239-3.0ys 3.0v C40oc to +125oc sot-23 mic5239-3.3bm mic5239-3.3ym 3.3v C40oc to +125oc 8-lead soic mic5239-3.3bmm mic5239-3.3ymm 3.3v C40oc to +125oc 8-lead msop mic5239-3.3bs mic5239-3.3ys 3.3v C40oc to +125oc sot-23 mic5239-5.0bm mic5239-5.0ym 5.0v C40oc to +125oc 8-lead soic mic5239-5.0bmm mic5239-5.0ymm 5.0v C40oc to +125oc 8-lead msop mic5239-5.0bs mic5239-5.0ys 5.0v C40oc to +125oc sot-23 mic5239bm mic5239ym adj C40oc to +125oc 8-lead soic mic5239bmm mic5239ymm adj C40oc to +125oc 8-lead msop
june 2005 3 m9999-060305 mic5239 micrel, inc. absolute maximum ratings (1) supply voltage (v in ) ..................................... C20v to +32v enable input voltage (v en ) .......................... C0.3v to +32v power dissipation (p d ) (3) ......................... internally limited junction temperature (t j ) ....................... C40 c to +125 c storage temperature (t s ) ....................... C65 c to +150 c lead temperature (soldering, 5 sec.) ....................... 260 c esd rating (4) operating ratings (2) supply voltage (v in ) ........................................ 2.3v to 30v enable input voltage (v en ) ................................. 0v to 30v junction temperature (t j ) ....................... C40 c to +125 c package thermal resistance msop ( ja ) ......................................................... 80 c/w sot-223 ( ja ) ..................................................... 50 c/w electrical characteristics (5) v in = v out + 1v; v en 2.0v; i out = 100 a; t j = 25 c, bold values indicate C40 c t j +125 c; unless noted. symbol parameter conditions min typ max units v out output voltage accuracy variation from nominal v out C1 1 % C2 +2 % ? v out /v out line regulation v in = v out + 1v to 30v 0.06 0.5 % ? v out /v out load regulation i out = 100 a to 500ma (6) 15 30 mv ? v dropout voltage (7) i out = 100 a50mv i out = 150ma 260 350 mv 400 mv i out = 500ma 350 mv i gnd ground pin current v en 2.0v, i out = 100 a2340 a 45 a v en 2.0v, i out = 150ma 1.3 5 ma v en 2.0v, i out = 500ma 8.5 15 ma i gnd(shdn) ground pin in shutdown v en 0.6v, v in = 30v 0.1 1 a i sc short circuit current v out = 0v 850 1200 ma e n output noise 10hz to 100khz, v out = 3.0v, c l = 3.3 f 160 vrms flag output v flg low threshold % of v out 94 % high threshold % of v out 95 % v ol flag output low voltage v in = v out(nom) C 0.12v out , i ol = 200 a 150 mv i leak flag output leakage v oh = 30v 0.1 a enable input v il input low voltage regulator off 0.6 v v ih input high voltage regulator on 2.0 aarto v i in enable input current v en = 0.6v, regulator off C1.0 0.01 1.0 a C2.0 2.0 a v en = 2.0v, regulator on 0.15 1.0 a 2.0 a v en = 30v, regulator on 0.5 2.5 a 5.0 a notes 1. exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 2. the device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. 3. the maximum allowable power dissipation of any t a (ambient temperature) is p d (max) = (t j (max) C t a ) ja . exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will result in excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown. the ja of the mic5239-x.xbmm (all versions) is 80 c/w, the mic5239-x.xbm (all versions) is 63 c/w, and the mic5239-x.xbs (all versions) is 50 c/w mounted on a pc board,see thermal characteristics for further details.
mic5239 micrel, inc. m9999-060305 4 june 2005 notes: 4. devices are esd sensitive. handling precautions recommended. human body model, 1.5k in series with 100pf. 5. specification for packaged product only. 6. regulation is measured at constant junction temperature using pulse testing with a low duty-cycle. changes in output voltage due to heating effects are covered by the specification for thermal regulation. 7. dropout voltage is defined as the input to output differential at which the output voltage drops 2% below its nominal value m easured at 1.0v differential.
june 2005 5 m9999-060305 mic5239 micrel, inc. t ypical characteristics v out = 3v 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 psrr (db) frequency (khz) power supply rejection ratio i load = 500ma 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 0 100 200 300 400 500 dropout voltage (mv) output current ( ma ) dropout voltage vs. output current 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 dropout voltage (mv) temperature ( c) dropout voltage vs. temperature i out = 500ma 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 output voltage (v) input voltage (v) dropout characteristics i load = 100 a i load = 250ma i load = 500ma 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 0 100 200 300 400 500 ground current ( a) output current (ma) ground pin current vs. output current v in = 4v 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 0 100 200 300 400 500 ground current ( a) output current ( a) ground pin current vs. output current v in = 24v v in = 12v v in = 4v v in = 30v 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 ground current ( a) temperature ( c ) ground pin current vs. temperature i load = 10ma 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 ground current (ma) temperature ( c ) ground pin current vs. temperature i load = 250ma 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 ground current (ma) temperature ( c ) ground pin current vs. temperature i load = 500ma 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 ground current ( a) input voltage ( v ) ground pin current vs. input voltage i out = 10ma i out = 1ma i out = 100 a i out = 10 a 0.4 2.4 4.4 6.4 8.4 10.4 12.4 14.4 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 ground current (ma) input voltage (v) ground pin current vs. input voltage i out =500ma i out = 250ma 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4914 19 24 29 ground current ( a) input voltage (v) ground pin current vs. input voltage i out = 10 a i out = 1ma i out = 100 a
mic5239 micrel, inc. m9999-060305 6 june 2005 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 -20 -10 0 10 input current (ma) supply voltage (v) input current v en = 5v r load = 30 ? 2.95 2.96 2.97 2.98 2.99 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 output voltage (v) temperature (?) output voltage vs. temperature i load = 100 a 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 short circuit current (ma) temperature (?) short circuit current v in = 4v load transient response time (400 s/div.) output current (500ma/div.) output voltage (500mv/div.) v in = 4v v out = 3v c out = 4.7 f ceramic 500ma 0ma functional characteristics output voltage (500mv/div.) enable voltage (500mv/div.) time (200 s/div.) enable turn-on v in = 2.5v v out = 1.5v c out = 4.7 f i out = 100 a
june 2005 7 m9999-060305 mic5239 micrel, inc. functional diagrams out flag gnd in en enable v ref block diagram fixed voltages out adj gnd in en enable r1 r2 block diagram adjustable voltages
mic5239 micrel, inc. m9999-060305 8 june 2005 application information the mic5239 provides all of the advantages of the mic2950: wide input voltage range, and reversed-battery protection, with the added advantages of reduced quiescent current and smaller package. additionally, when disabled, quiescent current is reduced to 0.1 a. enable a low on the enable pin disables the part, forcing the quies- cent current to less than 0.1 a. thermal shutdown and the error flag are not functional while the device is disabled. the maximum enable bias current is 2 a for a 2.0v input. an open-collector pull-up resistor tied to the input voltage should be set low enough to maintain 2v on the enable input. figure 1 shows an open-collector output driving the enable pin through a 200k ? pull-up resistor tied to the input voltage. in order to avoid output oscillations, slow transitions from low- to-high should be avoided. c out v out v in 5v v err in mic5239 en 200k 200k out gnd shutdown enable flg figure 1.remote enable input capacitor an input capacitor may be required when the device is not near the source power supply or when supplied by a battery. small, surface mount, ceramic capacitors can be used for bypassing. larger values may be required if the source supply has high ripple. output capacitor the mic5239 has been designed to minimize the effect of the output capacitor esr on the closed loop stability. as a result, ceramic or film capacitors can be used at the output. figure 2 displays a range of esr values for a 10 f capacitor. virtually any 10 f capacitor with an esr less than 3.4 ? is sufficient for stability over the entire input voltage range. stability can also be maintained throughout the specified load and line conditions with 4.7 f film or ceramic capacitors. 0 1 2 3 4 5 510152 02530 output capacitor esr ( ? ) input voltage (v) stable re g ion t j = 25 c v out = 10 f figure 2.output capacitor esr error detection comparator output the flag pin is an open-collector output which goes low when the output voltage drops 5% below its internally pro- grammed level. it senses conditions such as excessive load (current limit), low input voltage, and over temperature con- ditions. once the part is disabled via the enable input, the error flag output is not valid. overvoltage conditions are not reflected in the error flag output. the error flag output is also not valid for input voltages less than 2.3v. the error output has a low voltage of 400mv at a current of 200 a. in order to minimize the drain on the source used for the pull-up, a value of 200k ? to 1m ? is suggested for the error flag pull-up. this will guarantee a maximum low voltage of 0.4v for a 30v pull-up potential. an unused error flag can be left unconnected. not valid not valid valid error error flag output input v oltage output v oltage 4.75v 0v 0v 5v 1.3v figure 3.error flag output timing thermal shutdown the mic5239 has integrated thermal protection. this feature is only for protection purposes. the device should never be intentionally operated near this temperature as this may have detrimental effects on the life of the device. the thermal shutdown may become inactive while the enable input is transitioning from a high to a low. when disabling the device via the enable pin, transition from a high to low quickly. this will insure that the output remains disabled in the event of a thermal shutdown. current limit figure 4 displays a method for reducing the steady state short-circuit current. the duration that the supply delivers current is set by the time required for the error flag output to discharge the 4.7 f capacitor tied to the enable pin. the off time is set by the 200k ? resistor as it recharges the 4.7 f capacitor, enabling the regulator. this circuit reduces the short-circuit current from 800ma to 40ma while allowing for regulator restart once the short is removed. c out v ou t v in 5v v er r in mic5239 en 200k 1n4148 200k 4.7 f out gnd shutdown enable flg figure 4.remote enable with short-circuit current foldback
june 2005 9 m9999-060305 mic5239 micrel, inc. thermal characteristics the mic5239 is a high input voltage device, intended to provide 500ma of continuous output current in two very small profile packages. the power msop-8 allow the device to dissipate about 50% more power than their standard equiva- lents. power msop-8 thermal characteristics one of the secrets of the mic5239s performance is its power msop-8 package featuring half the thermal resistance of a standard msop-8 package. lower thermal resistance means more output current or higher input voltage for a given package size. lower thermal resistance is achieved by joining the four ground leads with the die attach paddle to create a single- piece electrical and thermal conductor. this concept has been used by mosfet manufacturers for years, proving very reliable and cost effective for the user. thermal resistance consists of two main elements, jc (junction-to-case thermal resistance) and ca (case-to-ambi- ent thermal resistance). see figure 5. jc is the resistance from the die to the leads of the package. ca is the resistance from the leads to the ambient air and it includes cs (case-to- sink thermal resistance) and sa (sink-to-ambient thermal resistance). ja jc ca printed circuit board g round plane heat sink area msop-8 ambient figure 5.thermal resistance using the power msop-8 reduces the jc dramatically and allows the user to reduce ca . the total thermal resistance, ja (junction-to-ambient thermal resistance) is the limiting- factor in calculating the maximum power dissipation capabil- ity of the device. typically, the power msop-8 has a jc of 80 c/w, this is significantly lower than the standard msop-8 which is typically 200 c/w. ca is reduced because pins 5 through 8 can now be soldered directly to a ground plane which significantly reduces the case-to-sink thermal resis- tance and sink to ambient thermal resistance. low-dropout linear regulators from micrel are rated to a maximum junction temperature of 125 c. it is important not to exceed this maximum junction temperature during opera- tion of the device. to prevent this maximum junction tempera- ture from being exceeded, the appropriate ground plane heatsink must be used. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 copper area (mm 2 ) power dissipation (w) 40 c 50 c 55 c 65 c 75 c 85 c 100 c figure 6.copper area vs. power-msop power dissipation ( ? ( ? ( ? ( ? ( ? t ja ) figure 6 shows copper area versus power dissipation with each trace corresponding to a different temperature rise above ambient. from these curves, the minimum area of copper necessary for the part to operate safely can be determined. the maxi- mum allowable temperature rise must be calculated to deter- mine operation along which curve. ? t = t j (max) C t a (max) t j (max) = 125 c t a (max) = maximum ambient operating temperature for example, the maximum ambient temperature is 50 c, the ? t is determined as follows: ? t = 125 c C 50 c ? t = 75 c using figure 6, the minimum amount of required copper can be determined based on the required power dissipation. power dissipation in a linear regulator is calculated as fol- lows: p d = (v in C v out ) i out + v in i gnd if we use a 3v output device and a 28v input at moderate output current of 25ma, then our power dissipation is as follows: p d = (28v C 3v) 25ma + 28v 250 a p d = 625mw + 7mw p d = 632mw from figure 6, the minimum amount of copper required to operate this application at a ? t of 75 c is 110mm 2 . quick method determine the power dissipation requirements for the design along with the maximum ambient temperature at which the device will be operated. refer to figure 7, which shows safe operating curves for three different ambient temperatures: 25 c, 50 c and 85 c. from these curves, the minimum amount of copper can be determined by knowing the maxi- mum power dissipation required. if the maximum ambient temperature is 50 c and the power dissipation is as above, 639mw, the curve in figure 7 shows that the required area of copper is 110mm 2 . the ja of this package is ideally 80 c/w, but it will vary depending upon the availability of copper ground plane to which it is attached.
mic5239 micrel, inc. m9999-060305 10 june 2005 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 copper area (mm 2 ) power dissipation (w) 85c 50c 25c t j = 125c figure 7.copper area vs. power-msop power dissipation (t a ) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 copper area (mm 2 ) power dissipation (w) 40c 50c 55c 65c 75c 85c 100c figure 8.copper area vs. power-soic power dissipation ( ? ? ? ? ? t ja ) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 copper area (mm 2 ) power dissipation (w) 85c 50c 25c t j = 125c figure 9.copper area vs. power-soic power dissipation (t a ) the same method of determining the heatsink area used for the power msop-8 can be applied directly to the power soic-8. the same two curves showing power dissipation versus copper area are reproduced for the power soic-8 and they can be applied identically. power soic-8 thermal characteristics the power soic-8 package follows the same idea as the power msop-8 package, using four ground leads with the die attach paddle to create a single-piece electrical and thermal conductor, reducing thermal resistance and increasing power dissipation capability. quick method determine the power dissipation requirements for the design along with the maximum ambient temperature at which the device will be operated. refer to figure 9, which shows safe operating curves for three different ambient temperatures, 25 c, 50 c, and 85 c. from these curves, the minimum amount of copper can be determined by knowing the maxi- mum power dissipation required. if the maximum ambient temperature is 50 c, and the power dissipation is 632mw, the curve in figure 9 shows that the required area of copper is less than 100mm 2 , when using the power soic-8. adjustable regulator application mic5239bm/mm en gnd out in v in v r1 r2 1 f out adj figure 10. adjustable voltage application the mic5239bm can be adjusted from 1.24v to 20v by using two external resistors (figure 10). the resistors set the output voltage based on the following equation: v out = v ref (1 + r r 1 2 ) where v ref = 1.23v. feedback resistor r2 should be no larger than 300k ? .
june 2005 11 m9999-060305 mic5239 micrel, inc. package information 16 10 0.84 (0.033) 0.64 (0.025) 1.04 (0.041) 0.85 (0.033) 2.41 (0.095) 2.21 (0.087) 4.7 (0.185) 4.5 (0.177) 6.70 (0.264) 6.30 (0.248) 7.49 (0.295) 6.71 (0.264) 3.71 (0.146) 3.30 (0.130) 3.15 (0.124) 2.90 (0.114) 10 max 0.10 (0.004) 0.02 (0.0008) 0.38 (0.015) 0.25 (0.010) c l dimensions: mm (inch) c l 1.70 (0.067) 1.52 (0.060) 0.91 (0.036) min sot-223 (s) 0.008 (0.20) 0.004 (0.10) 0.039 (0.99) 0.035 (0.89) 0.021 (0.53) 0.012 (0.03) r 0.0256 (0.65) typ 0.012 (0.30) r 5 max 0 min 0.122 (3.10) 0.112 (2.84) 0.120 (3.05) 0.116 (2.95) 0.012 (0.03) 0.007 (0.18) 0.005 (0.13) 0.043 (1.09) 0.038 (0.97) 0.036 (0.90) 0.032 (0.81) dimensions: inch (mm) 0.199 (5.05) 0.187 (4.74) 8-lead msop (mm)
mic5239 micrel, inc. m9999-060305 12 june 2005 45 0 C8 0.244 (6.20) 0.228 (5.79) 0.197 (5.0) 0.189 (4.8) seating plane 0.026 (0.65) max ) 0.010 (0.25) 0.007 (0.18) 0.064 (1.63) 0.045 (1.14) 0.0098 (0.249) 0.0040 (0.102) 0.020 (0.51) 0.013 (0.33) 0.157 (3.99) 0.150 (3.81) 0.050 (1.27) typ pin 1 dimensions: inches (mm) 0.050 (1.27) 0.016 (0.40) 8-lead soic (m) micrel inc. 2180 fortune drive san jose, ca 95131 usa tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 web http://www.micrel.com this information furnished by micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. however no responsibility is a ssumed by micrel for its use. micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. micrel products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfu nction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intend ed for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant inj ury to the user. a purchasers use or sale of micrel products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a purchasers own risk and purchaser a grees to fully indemnify micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. ? 2003 micrel, incorporated.

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